He traveled with the show throughout the U.S. In 1886, Black Elk joined Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West show, as Sitting Bull had done a year earlier. Following Sitting Bull's surrender, Black Elk, his family, and the other Lakota returned and were interned on the Pine Ridge Reservation. They followed Chief Sitting Bull, who had become the Lakota resistance leader after the stabbing death of Crazy Horse. In 1877, the Lakota, including Black Elk and his family, fled north into Canada. He lived during the harsh early reservation period, well before the reform-minded Indian Reorganization Act of 1934³ took effect. He had five sisters and one brother.Ī witness to plains history, he was three years old when the Fetterman Battle¹, took place (1866) five years old during the signing of the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty ², and about the age of 12 when the Battle of the Little Big Horn was fought, in which George A Custer and his soldiers perished.īlack Elk experienced the end of the Sioux Wars and the beginning of aggressive federal "pacification" policies imposed upon his people. He was the son of the elder Black Elk, who supported Chief Crazy Horse, the Lakota resistance leader, and White Cow Sees Woman. Black Elk, also known as Hehaka Sapa and Nicholas Black Elk, was a famous holy man, traditional healer, and visionary of the Oglala Lakota (Sioux) of the northern Great Plains.īlack Elk was born in December 1863 on the Little Powder River in Wyoming, west of present-day South Dakota.
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